Trumpet Family
The most common type of trumpet is the B♭ trumpet, however A, C, D, E♭, E, low F, and G trumpets are also available. There are a variety of different types of trumpets, and their differences are by the length of tubing which gets progressively smaller (resulting in a higher pitch) (6).
Piccolo Trumpet
The smallest trumpets are referred to as "piccolo trumpets". These instruments are capable of playing the highest pitches in the trumpet family, as its tubing is half the length of the B♭ trumpet. Piccolo trumpets come in two keys: B♭, and A, which requires different leadpipes to play through. The piccolo trumpet can also be manufactured in G, F and C, however it is quite rare. Another unique factor to the piccolo trumpet is that there are four valves instead of three. This fourth valve aids the player to obtain some lower pitches, that would be quite difficult to reach with only three valves. Below is a video of a piccolo trumpet:
Piccolo Trumpet
The smallest trumpets are referred to as "piccolo trumpets". These instruments are capable of playing the highest pitches in the trumpet family, as its tubing is half the length of the B♭ trumpet. Piccolo trumpets come in two keys: B♭, and A, which requires different leadpipes to play through. The piccolo trumpet can also be manufactured in G, F and C, however it is quite rare. Another unique factor to the piccolo trumpet is that there are four valves instead of three. This fourth valve aids the player to obtain some lower pitches, that would be quite difficult to reach with only three valves. Below is a video of a piccolo trumpet:
Soprano Trumpet
The next unique trumpet is the "soprano trumpet". This trumpet is usually manufactured with a longer bell, and to the key of G. Most soprano trumpets are made using piston or rotary valves, and can be made into two sizes: large and extra large. This kind of trumpet is commonly used in drum and bugle corps (6).
Bass Trumpet
The bass trumpet has one of lowest registers the trumpet family. The pitch and mouthpiece are quite similar to a trombone, so in most cases, bass trumpets are played by trombonists. It is made up of a .484 inch diameter bore, and 7 inch diameter bell (6), which is double the bell size of a piccolo trumpet.
Slide Trumpet
Uniquely to the slide trumpet, it contains no valves. In place of the valves on this trumpet, there is a slide to change the pitches. Similar to a B♭ trumpet, they are also comparable to a soprano trombone, equipped with a .452 inch diameter bore, and 4.72 inch diameter bell.
Pocket Trumpet
The pocket trumpet is generally just a more minimal version of the B♭ trumpet. It is made with a very small bell, and tightly wound tubing. The pocket trumpet is capable of producing mainly warmer tones, and can also mimic voice articulations (6).
B♭ Trumpet
Finally, the B♭ trumpet is the most common trumpet played today. This trumpet has a typical range from F♯ to lower than Middle C, and up to several octaves higher. It is played in many bands and orchestras, along side the C trumpet. The B♭ trumpet creates bright and lively sounds, as well as warmer tones. Below is a video of a B♭ trumpet solo by Miles Davis: